Bergama (Pergamon/Pergamum)

Acropolis:
As the Acropolis was designed and constructed on a very steep hill, it can be reached by road. The elevated city of Acropolis holds official, religious, social, and commercial buildings close to each other. Below these buildings, the Temple of Athena, the Library, the Temple of Trajan and Zeus Altar were located. While going down hill, you will come across one of the world’s steepest ancient theatres with a capacity for 15,000. Once you reach the plain, you’ll see a gymnasium and the Temple of Demeter.

The Temple of Athena: 
The temple consists of six 10m columns, arranged in Dorian style and constructed at the terrace over the ancient Theatre. Today some parts of the temple is located in Berlin Museum. The Temple of Athena’s importance is a reflection of the religious traditions of western Anotolia.

Arsenals: 
The Arsenals are located on the north side of Acropolis. Arsenals consists of 5 long buildings which run parallel to each other.

Theatre:
The Theatre is a splendid example of Hellenistic architecture. The theatre is very steep, with a 15.000 capacity, and inancient times the stage was made of wood.

Library: 
The library dates back to the reign of EumenesII. It has a beautiful reading room measuring approximately 14m x 15m. The library consisted of more than 200.000 volumes of books which competed with Alexander’s Library.

Trajaneum: 
The Trajaneum is the highest terrace of Acropolis and was built for the Roman Emperor Trajan. The Temple was constructed on a 68m x 58m terrace, and its three sides are surrounded by stoas (covered promenades).

The Temple of Dionysus: 
The people of Pergamon constructed the temple for Zeus’s son Dionysus, and this very alluring temple was built on the north side of a 250m long theatre terrace. The temple and it’s altar was built in Ionian style, and has been very well preserved until today. Due to it’s magnificence and glory it  influenced the European Baroque school of architecture.

The Altar of Zeus: 
There is an upper Agora at the south end of the Zeus Altar. It was built in Dorian style during the Hellenistic period for the God of Commerce Hermes.  Lower Agora is situated to the south of the Gymnasium and was built for the works and homes of the local people. Below the lower agora the foundations of Demeter Temple can be seen.

Agora: 
There is an upper Agora at the south end of the Zeus Altar. It was built in Dorian style during the Hellenistic period for the God of Commerce Hermes.  Lower Agora is situated to the south of the Gymnasium and was built for the works and homes of the local people. Below the lower agora the foundations of Demeter Temple can be seen.

Asclepion: 
Asklepion is the place of Asklepios who was the god of healing and health as well as being Apollo’s son. It was built during the 4th.century B.C. and was used until the 5th.century A.D. The interior was decorated with colourful marble mosaics. The  Temple of Asklepios is situated at the left hand side of the entrance. 
With snake statues and a warning written on the gate stating that ‘death shall not pass through these doors’, Asclepion is one of Pergamon's most interesting remains.

Temple of Serapis - Basilica: 
This is the biggest structure in Pergamon, also refered to as the Red Basilica (Kizil Avlu). It was made out of red bricks as a form of dedication to the Egyptian gods. In early Christianity it was one of the seven churches of Asia Minor addressed by St. John.
Gymnasium: 
The Gymnasium of Pergamon consists of three terraces. The lower was for children, the middle one for youth, and the top terrace -also used for ceremonies- was for adults. 
Apart of the remains of Pergamon there are several other places of interest in Bergama such as the thermal springs, ie. Mahmudiye and Geyiklida, Guzellik, Haydar, and Derekoy; Mosques such as Ulu mosque, Sadirvan mosque, and Selcuk Minaresi; and inns like Cukur han and Tas han. We also recommend a visit to Kozak plateau, a very picturesque  site with blankets of pine forests. Kozak is also home to the pine kernel production center.